Documentation of Complications
FROM PEER-REVIEWED, RESPECTED JOURNALS (not shade-tree magazines). Many of these articles cited may be found at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
Toxins, general
Drug Poisoning Deaths in the United States, 1980–2008 by Warner M, et al., in NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics) Data Brief. 2011 Vol. 81, pp. 1-8.
Postmortem Presence of Drugs and Method of Violent Suicide, by Sheehan, C.M, et al., in Journal of Drug Issues 2015 Vol. 45(3): pp. 249–262. doi:10.1177/0022042615580988
Mortality among individuals with cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, MDMA, and opioid use disorders: a nationwide follow-up study of Danish substance users in treatment, by Arendt M, et al., in Drug Alcohol Dependence 2011 Vol. 114(2-3): pp.134-139.
Doi:10.1016/ j.drugalcdep.2010.09.013
Heroin
Increases in Drug and Opioid Overdose Deaths--United States, 2000-2014, by Rudd R.A, et al., in MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2016 Vol. 64(50-51) pp.1378-1382. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6450a3
Drug-poisoning deaths involving Heroin: United States, 2000-2013, by Hedegaard H, et al., in NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics) Data Brief. 2015 Vol. 190, pp.1-8.
Vital Signs: Demographic and Substance Use Trends Among Heroin Users — United States, 2002–2013, by Jones C.M., et al., in MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2015 Vol. 64(26) pp. 719-725.
Heroin use, HIV-risk, and criminal behavior in Baltimore: Findings from Clinical Research, by Schwartz R.P, et al., in Journal of Addictive Diseases 2015 Vol. 34, pp.151–161. doi:10.1080/10550887.2015.1059222
Opioids
Prescription Histories and Dose Strengths Associated with Overdose Deaths, by Hirsch A, et al, in Pain Medicine 2014 Vol. 15, pp. 1187–1195.
Prescribing of opioid analgesics and related mortality before and after the introduction of long-acting O..., by Dhalla I.A, et al., in Canadian Medical Association Journal 2009 Vol. 181(12): pp. 891-896. doi:10.1503/cmaj.090784
Increases in Fentanyl-Related Overdose Deaths — Florida and Ohio, 2013–2015, by Peterson A.B, et al., in MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2016 Vol. 65(33) pp. 844-849.
Trends in Opioid Analgesic Abuse and Mortality in the United States, by Dart, R.C, et al., in New England Journal of Medicine 2015 Vol. 372, pp. 241-248. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa1406143
Opioid Overdose Deaths in the City and County of San Francisco: Prevalence, Distribution,
and Disparities, by Visconti A.J, et al., Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine Vol. 92(4) pp. 758-772. doi:10.1007/s11524-015-9967-y
Drug-poisoning Deaths Involving Opioid Analgesics: United States, 1999–2011. by Chen L.H., et al., in NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics) Data Brief. 2014 Vol. 166, pp. 1-8.
Methamphetamine
Psychostimulant-Related Deaths as Reported by a Large National Database, by Calcaterra S, et al., in Substance Abuse 2013 Vol. 34(2): pp. 1-17. doi:10.1080/08897077.2012.726959
Causes of Death of Patients with Methamphetamine Dependence: A Record-Linkage Study, by
Chian-Jue Kuo C-J, et al., in Drug Alcohol Review 2011 Vol. 30(6): pp. 621–628. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00255.x
Indicators of Methamphetamine Use and Abuse in San Diego County, California: 2001–2005, by Pollini R.A. and Strathdee, S.A. in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 2007 November, Suppl 4: pp. 319–325.
Ecstasy
Ecstasy and suicide, by Fernando T, et al., in Journal of Forensic Sciences 2012 Vol. 57(4): pp. 1137-1139. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02107.x
"Ecstasy" associated deaths: what is a fatal concentration ? Analysis of a case series, by Milroy, C.M in Forensic Science Medicine and Pathology 2011 Vol. 7(3): pp. 248-52. doi: 10.1007/s12024-010-9220-7.
Deaths Involving Ecstasy and the Concomitant Use of Pharmaceutical Drugs, by Pilgrim J.L, et al., in Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 2011 Vol. 35, pp. 219-226.
Cocaine
Cocaine use and the likelihood of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Follow-up Study, by Qureshi A.I, et al., in Journal of Vascular and Interventional Neurology 2014 Vol. 7(1): pp. 76-82.
Cocaine and the heart, by Maraj S, et al., in Clinical Cardiology 2010 Vol. 33(5): pp. 264-9. doi: 10.1002/clc.20746
Triggering of Myocardial Infarction by Cocaine, by Mittleman, M.A, et al., in Circulation (American Heart Association) 1999 Vol. 99, pp. 2737-2741.
Marijuana
The burden of disease attributable to cannabis use in Canada in 2012, by Imiaz, S, et al., in Addiction 2016 Vol. 111(4): pp.653-662. doi: 10.1111/add.13237
Does the legalization of medical marijuana increase completed suicide? by Rylander M, et al., in American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2014 Vol. 40(4): pp.269-73. Doi:10.3109/ 00952990.2014.910520.
Mortality following treatment for cannabis use disorders: predictors and causes, by Arendt, M, et al., in Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2013 Vol. 44(4): pp.400-6. Doi: 10.1016/ j.jsat.2012.09.007
FROM PEER-REVIEWED, RESPECTED JOURNALS (not shade-tree magazines). Many of these articles cited may be found at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
Toxins, general
Drug Poisoning Deaths in the United States, 1980–2008 by Warner M, et al., in NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics) Data Brief. 2011 Vol. 81, pp. 1-8.
Postmortem Presence of Drugs and Method of Violent Suicide, by Sheehan, C.M, et al., in Journal of Drug Issues 2015 Vol. 45(3): pp. 249–262. doi:10.1177/0022042615580988
Mortality among individuals with cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, MDMA, and opioid use disorders: a nationwide follow-up study of Danish substance users in treatment, by Arendt M, et al., in Drug Alcohol Dependence 2011 Vol. 114(2-3): pp.134-139.
Doi:10.1016/ j.drugalcdep.2010.09.013
Heroin
Increases in Drug and Opioid Overdose Deaths--United States, 2000-2014, by Rudd R.A, et al., in MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2016 Vol. 64(50-51) pp.1378-1382. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6450a3
Drug-poisoning deaths involving Heroin: United States, 2000-2013, by Hedegaard H, et al., in NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics) Data Brief. 2015 Vol. 190, pp.1-8.
Vital Signs: Demographic and Substance Use Trends Among Heroin Users — United States, 2002–2013, by Jones C.M., et al., in MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2015 Vol. 64(26) pp. 719-725.
Heroin use, HIV-risk, and criminal behavior in Baltimore: Findings from Clinical Research, by Schwartz R.P, et al., in Journal of Addictive Diseases 2015 Vol. 34, pp.151–161. doi:10.1080/10550887.2015.1059222
Opioids
Prescription Histories and Dose Strengths Associated with Overdose Deaths, by Hirsch A, et al, in Pain Medicine 2014 Vol. 15, pp. 1187–1195.
Prescribing of opioid analgesics and related mortality before and after the introduction of long-acting O..., by Dhalla I.A, et al., in Canadian Medical Association Journal 2009 Vol. 181(12): pp. 891-896. doi:10.1503/cmaj.090784
Increases in Fentanyl-Related Overdose Deaths — Florida and Ohio, 2013–2015, by Peterson A.B, et al., in MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2016 Vol. 65(33) pp. 844-849.
Trends in Opioid Analgesic Abuse and Mortality in the United States, by Dart, R.C, et al., in New England Journal of Medicine 2015 Vol. 372, pp. 241-248. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa1406143
Opioid Overdose Deaths in the City and County of San Francisco: Prevalence, Distribution,
and Disparities, by Visconti A.J, et al., Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine Vol. 92(4) pp. 758-772. doi:10.1007/s11524-015-9967-y
Drug-poisoning Deaths Involving Opioid Analgesics: United States, 1999–2011. by Chen L.H., et al., in NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics) Data Brief. 2014 Vol. 166, pp. 1-8.
Methamphetamine
Psychostimulant-Related Deaths as Reported by a Large National Database, by Calcaterra S, et al., in Substance Abuse 2013 Vol. 34(2): pp. 1-17. doi:10.1080/08897077.2012.726959
Causes of Death of Patients with Methamphetamine Dependence: A Record-Linkage Study, by
Chian-Jue Kuo C-J, et al., in Drug Alcohol Review 2011 Vol. 30(6): pp. 621–628. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2010.00255.x
Indicators of Methamphetamine Use and Abuse in San Diego County, California: 2001–2005, by Pollini R.A. and Strathdee, S.A. in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 2007 November, Suppl 4: pp. 319–325.
Ecstasy
Ecstasy and suicide, by Fernando T, et al., in Journal of Forensic Sciences 2012 Vol. 57(4): pp. 1137-1139. doi: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02107.x
"Ecstasy" associated deaths: what is a fatal concentration ? Analysis of a case series, by Milroy, C.M in Forensic Science Medicine and Pathology 2011 Vol. 7(3): pp. 248-52. doi: 10.1007/s12024-010-9220-7.
Deaths Involving Ecstasy and the Concomitant Use of Pharmaceutical Drugs, by Pilgrim J.L, et al., in Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 2011 Vol. 35, pp. 219-226.
Cocaine
Cocaine use and the likelihood of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mortality Follow-up Study, by Qureshi A.I, et al., in Journal of Vascular and Interventional Neurology 2014 Vol. 7(1): pp. 76-82.
Cocaine and the heart, by Maraj S, et al., in Clinical Cardiology 2010 Vol. 33(5): pp. 264-9. doi: 10.1002/clc.20746
Triggering of Myocardial Infarction by Cocaine, by Mittleman, M.A, et al., in Circulation (American Heart Association) 1999 Vol. 99, pp. 2737-2741.
Marijuana
The burden of disease attributable to cannabis use in Canada in 2012, by Imiaz, S, et al., in Addiction 2016 Vol. 111(4): pp.653-662. doi: 10.1111/add.13237
Does the legalization of medical marijuana increase completed suicide? by Rylander M, et al., in American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2014 Vol. 40(4): pp.269-73. Doi:10.3109/ 00952990.2014.910520.
Mortality following treatment for cannabis use disorders: predictors and causes, by Arendt, M, et al., in Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2013 Vol. 44(4): pp.400-6. Doi: 10.1016/ j.jsat.2012.09.007